what is it?
Quantifiers are words that express how much or how many of something there is. In Spanish, the core quantifiers at this level are mucho (a lot of / much / many), poco (little / few), and bastante (quite a lot of / enough). When these words modify a noun directly, they act as adjectives and must agree with that noun in gender and number. Separately, muy is an adverb meaning «very» that is used exclusively before adjectives and other adverbs — it never changes form and never appears before a noun or after a verb.
when to use it
mucho / poco / bastante before a noun — use these as adjectives to say how much or how many of a thing. They come before the noun and agree with it: mucha agua, muchos días, pocas personas, bastante tiempo.
muy before an adjective or adverb — use muy to intensify a descriptive adjective or an adverb. It is invariable: muy interesante, muy bien, muy tarde.
mucho after a verb — when intensifying a verb, use mucho (not muy) in its invariable adverb form, placed after the verb: me gusta mucho, trabajo mucho.
formation
When mucho and poco modify a noun, they follow standard adjective agreement. Bastante only distinguishes singular from plural — it has no separate feminine form. Muy is always invariable.
| word | masculine singular | feminine singular | masculine plural | feminine plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mucho | mucho | mucha | muchos | muchas |
| poco | poco | poca | pocos | pocas |
| bastante | bastante | bastante | bastantes | bastantes |
| muy | muy | muy | muy | muy |
When mucho follows a verb as an adverb (e.g. me gusta mucho), it does not agree with anything — it stays as mucho regardless of the subject or object.
examples in context
common pitfalls
mucho before an adjective — do not use mucho to intensify an adjective. Use muy instead.
✗ Este libro es mucho interesante.
✓ Este libro es muy interesante.
mucho unagreed with a feminine or plural noun — mucho and poco must match the gender and number of the noun they modify.
✗ Hay mucho gente aquí.
✓ Hay mucha gente aquí.
muy after a verb — muy cannot follow a verb. Use mucho as the adverb after the verb.
✗ Me gusta muy.
✓ Me gusta mucho.